Optimal Sizing and Management of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for DC-Powered Commercial Building

DC power may be more efficient than AC in certain applications, especially when it comes to local generation and storage. This is because requires extra equipment convert power, which can lead energy losses. Using on the other hand, makes easier for devices use directly, resulting higher efficiency. Additionally, using reduce capital costs as eliminates need additional AC–DC conversion equipment. Finally, systems offer new communication capabilities, including plug-and-play storage devices, making simpler integrate these into existing infrastructure. paper analyzes optimal size of a photovoltaic/PEM fuel cell system supply commercial load NEOM city. To identify best PV/PEMFC, minimizing cost (COE) net present (NPC) are considered. The studies three sizes PEMFCs: 15 kW, 20 25 kW. In addition, five different PV modules selected: Axitec 450 Watt, Jinko 415 REC Solar 410 Seraphim 310 Tongwei Watt. results study confirmed that hybrid comprises kW PEMFC, 267 array, 60 kg electrolyzer, hydrogen tank. Under conditions, COE NPC 0.293 USD/kWh 498,984 USD, respectively.